Pugwash Conferences on Science World Affairs, PCSWA (1957- )

Awarded the Prize “for its efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics , in the longer run, to eliminate such arms.”

Established in 1957, Canada. Pugwash Conferences on Science World Affairs is a series of international meetings aim to bring together, from around the world, influential scholars public figures concerned with reducing the danger of armed conflict seeking cooperative solutions for global problems. The stimulus for that gathering was a Manifesto issued in 1955 by Bertr Russell Albert Einstein -- signed also by Max Born, Percy Bridgman, Leopold Infeld, Frederic Joliot-Curie, Herman Muller, Linus Pauling, Cecil Powell, Joseph Rotblat, Hideki Yukawa -- which called upon scientists of all political persuasions to assemble to discuss the threat posed to civilization by the advent of thermonuclear weapons. Pugwash participants attend the meeting as individuals, rather than a